Commentary on Luke 22:21

Verse: "But behold, the hand of my betrayer is with me on the table."

Introduction

This verse is a poignant moment during the Last Supper, where Jesus foreshadows the impending betrayal by Judas Iscariot. Each of the public domain commentators provides rich insights into the significance of this verse within the context of the Passion narrative, highlighting themes of foreknowledge, divine purpose, and the nature of betrayal.

Contextual Analysis

As Jesus dines with His disciples, He reveals the intimate betrayal that will soon unfold. The meal signifies fellowship, yet it contrasts sharply with the treachery that Judas will exhibit. Understanding the cultural and theological implications of such a revelation is vital for interpreting the passage correctly.

Luke’s Gospel Theme

Luke emphasizes the compassion and foreknowledge of Jesus throughout his Gospel. He portrays Jesus as fully aware of the betrayal, yet continually engages with His disciples in love and service. This duality of knowledge and relationship is pivotal for readers to recognize the depth of Christ’s character and mission.

Insights from Public Domain Commentators

Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry’s commentary highlights the solemnity of the moment. He notes that Jesus, surrounded by His disciples, is acutely aware of the betrayal that is about to take place. Henry points out that the phrase "the hand of my betrayer" evokes the intimacy of friendship mixed with the anguish of betrayal. He emphasizes that the act of betrayal is both a fulfillment of prophecy and indicative of the darker human tendencies.

• Betrayal as Prophecy: Henry notes that the betrayal was foretold in the Old Testament, fulfilling both divine prophecy and reflecting the sovereignty of God's plan.
• The Nature of Judas: He describes Judas not merely as a traitor but as one who allowed his heart to be corrupted by greed and disillusionment, serving as a warning against spiritual complacency.

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes offers a detailed exploration of the text, connecting it to the overarching narrative of redemption. He points out the gravity of Jesus’ words and the silent horror that would have filled the room as disciples realized the betrayal’s near approach.

• Implications of Betrayal: Barnes comments on the personal responsibility of Judas and the tragic consequences of his actions; his betrayal was both an instrument of evil and a predetermined act within God's sovereign plan.
• Communal Warning: He emphasizes that this event serves as a cautionary tale for all believers, urging vigilance against the subtle and pervasive nature of betrayal in the community of faith.

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke provides a more detailed historical context regarding Judas Iscariot. He examines the background of Judas, his motivations, and the reactions of the disciples at this critical juncture.

• Character Study: Clarke delves into Judas’s character, suggesting that his motivations were influenced not only by monetary gain but also by disappointment in Jesus' mission.
• Reactions of the Disciples: He reflects on the atmosphere of the room at the time of this announcement, considering how each disciple must have felt and understood their own vulnerabilities in light of this revelation.

Theological Implications

This moment brings to the forefront essential theological themes:

• Divine Sovereignty and Human Agency: The contrasting ideas of divine foreknowledge and human choice are drawn into sharp focus here. Jesus’ knowledge of His betrayer does not absolve Judas of his guilt, illustrating a complex interaction between divine sovereignty and human free will.
• The Nature of True Fellowship: The table represents a covenant community. In this moment, Jesus reveals that there can be profound deception even among those we call friends, which calls for a deeper understanding of discipleship and accountability.

Conclusion

Luke 22:21 is a verse laden with emotion and theological significance. The warnings from Henry, Barnes, and Clarke resonate with contemporary readers and scholars alike, inviting reflection on the nature of betrayal and the profound call of Jesus to remain vigilant and faithful within the community of believers. As we contemplate this moment, it serves as a powerful reminder of the human condition, the nature of sin, and the hope found in the redemptive work of Christ.

Reflection Questions

• How can insights from this passage help contemporary believers understand the nature of betrayal within their communities?
• In what ways do we see God's purpose unfolding, even in the actions of those who oppose Him?
• What does this moment teach us about the heart of Jesus in the face of betrayal?