Commentary on Matthew 12:35

Bible Verse: "A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things." (Matthew 12:35, KJV)

Introduction

Matthew 12:35 succinctly captures the essence of the moral character and the outputs of human beings based on their inner dispositions. This verse is pivotal for understanding the biblical notions of morality, good and evil, and the heart's role as the fountain of human conduct. Drawing insights from respected public domain commentaries, we will explore the profound meanings within this verse.

Exegesis

This verse highlights the dichotomy between good and evil, articulated through the metaphor of treasure. The term heart represents the inner self, encompassing thoughts, intentions, and emotional states. As noted by Matthew Henry, the heart is indispensable in determining one’s character and actions. Good outcomes stem from a good heart, while evil behaviors emerge from an unclean heart.

Good Man and Evil Man

• Matthew Henry: He emphasizes that a "good man" is someone who possesses a genuine treasure of goodness within. This treasure is the moral and spiritual wealth cultivated through grace, faith, and adherence to God's teachings.
• Albert Barnes: He points out that the choice of "good" versus "evil" represents a stark contrast in human behavior, which is a reflection of inward condition. Barnes highlights that the goodness referred to here should be understood in the context of godliness and righteousness.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke expands on the notion of treasure, explaining that "out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks" (Luke 6:45). The treasure is thus indicative of the values and beliefs residing deeply within a person, which manifest in their actions and words.

The Nature of the Heart

The heart, in biblical literature, is not merely the seat of emotion but includes volition and intellect. As both Clarke and Henry assert, scripture often portrays the heart as the source of all human activity. Therefore, what fills the heart ultimately dictates a person’s actions.

Implications of Treasure

• Spiritual Wealth: A good treasure implies a life filled with virtues — love, charity, kindness, and truth. Good treasures are cultivated through spiritual discipline, prayer, and study of the Word, which enrich the believer’s inner life.
• Moral Accountability: The distinction between good and evil in this verse imposes a profound sense of accountability for one’s internal spiritual state. Pastors and theologians highlight that every action emanates from one’s heart, necessitating constant self-examination and alignment with Christ-like values.
• Community Impact: The effects of a good heart extend to community and relationships. Matthew Henry articulates that a good man's actions serve not only as a personal witness but also as a contributing factor to the collective moral fabric of society.

Practical Applications

This verse serves as both a diagnosis of the heart and a call to action. Here are some applications for pastors, students, and scholars:

• Self-Reflection: Encouraging believers to reflect on their own hearts and the treasures within that should produce good actions. It’s essential to cultivate a heart aligned with God’s principles.
• Teaching and Discipleship: Pastors are reminded to teach the importance of inner purity and the transformative power of grace. Just as good trees bear good fruit, so must believers strive for an outpouring of the Spirit’s work in their lives.
• Evangelism: Understanding that the heart's condition plays a crucial role in evangelism. As Albert Barnes notes, the message of the Gospel should call individuals to transform their hearts, leading to a change in outward behavior.

Theological Reflection

Theologically, Matthew 12:35 echoes the biblical truth of regeneration. As noted in Scripture, one contemplates the transformation discussed in 2 Corinthians 5:17, where a person becomes a new creation. This internal change is what permits the good treasures to manifest outwardly.

The Role of Grace

• Matt Henry's Perspective: He emphasizes that it is through God’s grace that the pollution of the heart is cleansed and analogizes the heart’s treasure to fields being cultivated by the Holy Spirit.
• Clarke’s Insights: He reminds that while human effort is essential, it is ultimately the work of the Holy Spirit that prepares one's heart to foster good deeds that glorify God.

Conclusion

In summary, Matthew 12:35 serves as a spiritual diagnostic tool that prompts believers to consider the underlying condition of their hearts. The treasures within—whether good or evil—will ultimately dictate one's actions and by extension, one’s witness in the world. For pastors and scholars, the verse lays a foundation for teaching the necessity of internal purity and the transformative power of grace, calling for a vibrant relationship with God that results in the manifestation of good works.