Commentary on Psalms 35:4

Psalms 35:4 (KJV): "Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt."

Introduction

This verse is part of a heartfelt plea from David, expressing his deep desire for protection against those who seek to harm him. It reflects both a personal lament and a call for divine justice, common themes in the Psalms. This commentary will explore various insights from notable public domain commentators, including Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the verse.

Contextual Overview

The context of Psalms 35 reflects a time of David's distress, likely during a period of persecution. The cry for vindication is common in David's prayers, showcasing his reliance on God for deliverance from enemies.

Verse Analysis

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry interprets this verse as David's petition for justice against his adversaries. Henry notes the emotions behind David's words, asserting that those who seek his soul should be confounded and put to shame, as they are not merely opposing him but are also acting against God’s chosen. He emphasizes:

• Divine Retaliation: Henry suggests that David is invoking God's justice, seeking that the wicked be made to feel the repercussions of their actions.
• Spiritual Warfare: The verse highlights the spiritual dimension of conflict, where seeking the soul implies an attack on David’s very existence and calling from God.
• Assurance of God’s Help: Henry notes that David's confidence lies in the belief that God will act on behalf of the righteous, providing a sense of hope amidst despair.

Albert Barnes' Commentary

Albert Barnes provides a detailed exposition of the terms used in the verse. He points out:

• Confounded and Put to Shame: Barnes interprets these phrases as descriptions of the ultimate outcome for those who devise ill against the innocent. He asserts that those who plot evil are bound to face the disarray of their schemes.
• Those that Seek After My Soul: He explains that the phrase refers not only to physical threats but also to emotional and spiritual attacks, revealing the depth of David's anguish.
• The Nature of God’s Justice: Barnes highlights God’s nature to ultimately restore and protect those who are faithful, pointing out that David appeals to God's character rather than his own merit.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke offers a theological perspective, focusing on the implications of invoking divine intervention:

• Theological Reflection: Clarke emphasizes the significance of entrusting oneself to divine wisdom and timing, suggesting that seeking vengeance is inappropriate; instead, one should rely on God for justice.
• Intercessory Prayer: He notes that David's prayer can be seen as a form of intercession, not merely for personal vindication but also for the righteousness of God's people who suffer oppression.
• The Importance of Faith: Clarke reflects on the enduring power of faith, underscoring that the plea for divine justice reveals a trust in God’s sovereignty and righteous judgment.

Theological Implications

This verse opens up wider theological discussions that remain relevant for modern readers:

• Justice and Vengeance: The idea of seeking God’s justice raises questions about human responses to injustice and the moral imperative to leave vengeance to the Lord, a central theme throughout Scripture.
• Role of Prayer in Conflict: This verse underscores the efficacy of prayer as a resource for those in distress, inviting believers to express their pains and plead for divine intervention.
• Identity in Christ: For Christians, the verse can mirror the experiences of Christ, who faced enemies and injustice, inviting believers to find solidarity in suffering yet emphasizing the hope of ultimate vindication.

Conclusion

Psalms 35:4 encapsulates the essence of a believer’s appeal to God amidst persecution. The insights from public domain commentaries enrich our understanding by emphasizing the emotional, spiritual, and theological dimensions of David's plea. As pastors, students, and scholars reflect on this text, they are reminded of God's commitment to justice, the importance of faith, and the encouragement to rely on divine intervention in times of distress.