Commentary on Ruth 1:4

Verse Context: Ruth 1:4 states, "And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years." This verse highlights a pivotal moment in the Book of Ruth, signifying the decisions made by Elimelech's family after they migrated to Moab.

Introduction

This passage introduces two significant characters in the narrative, Orpah and Ruth, and sets the stage for the unfolding story of loyalty, faith, and divine providence. The act of marrying Moabite women also raises theological and cultural implications that merit reflection and commentary.

Insights from Commentators

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry emphasizes the intention of the family of Elimelech in seeking refuge in Moab during a time of famine in Israel. He notes that this decision indicates a departure from the covenant community and a potential compromise of faith. Henry remarks on the significance of the women chosen as wives, pointing to the cultural and religious tensions inherent in such unions.

• According to Henry, the choice of Orpah and Ruth reflects the dangers of associating too closely with a foreign culture, which can lead to spiritual dilution.
• He also points out that Ruth's eventual loyalty to Naomi and her God establishes a redemptive arc that contrasts with Orpah's departure.

Albert Barnes' Commentary

Albert Barnes provides a historical context to this passage, discussing Moab's position relative to Israel. He highlights that the Moabites were often seen as adversaries of Israel and thus marrying Moabite women could be viewed as an unwise choice. Barnes notes that the choice made by the sons of Elimelech reveals the desperation of the situation and the complicated relationship between Israelites and Moabites.

• Barnes points to the duration of their stay—about ten years—as significant in understanding the depth of their settlement in a foreign land.
• He argues that this extended period increases the likelihood of cultural assimilation, impacting their identity as Israelites.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke offers a detailed etymological analysis of the names "Orpah" and "Ruth." He suggests that Orpah means “the back of the neck,” symbolizing her choice to turn away from Naomi and her faith. In contrast, Ruth means “friend” or “companion,” reflecting her character as a devoted and loyal figure.

• Clarke emphasizes the providential role that Ruth plays in the lineage of David and ultimately in the genealogy of Christ, showcasing God's ability to work through human choices and circumstances.
• He also discusses the cultural implications of the marriages, emphasizing that while these decisions had immediate consequences, they also served divine purposes that would unfold in the narrative.

Theological Reflections

The marriages of Elimelech's sons with Moabite women introduce themes of faithfulness and fidelity, not only in marital relations but also in the relationship with God. The choice illustrates the tension between cultural adaptation and spiritual fidelity, prompting reflection on how believers navigate their faith in diverse contexts.

Faith and Loyalty

The bond that develops between Naomi and her daughters-in-law can be viewed as pivotal for understanding loyalty in difficult times. Ruth’s eventual decision to accompany Naomi back to Bethlehem exemplifies profound fidelity. This contrasts with Orpah's choice to remain in Moab, prompting theological questions regarding discipleship and the cost of commitment.

Cultural Implications

The Moabite context raises questions about inclusion and exclusion within the people of God. Commentators note that the later inclusion of Ruth into the Israelite community challenges narrow perceptions of God’s chosen people and prefigures the New Testament's radical inclusivity.

Providence and Redemption

Finally, the narrative foreshadows the significant redemptive theme in Ruth’s life. Her transition from a Moabite woman to the great-grandmother of David underscores God's providential workings through what appears to be human error or cultural compromise. This theme remains central to understanding God's mercy and the unfolding plan of redemption.

Conclusion

Ruth 1:4, while a simple account of marriage, encapsulates rich theological and social themes. Insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide a tapestry of understanding that highlights human agency, divine sovereignty, and the transformative power of faith and loyalty. As pastors, students, theologians, and Bible scholars reflect on this verse, they are invited to consider the implications of their own cultural contexts and relational commitments in light of the faith demonstrated by Ruth.