Commentary on John 20:10

John 20:10 states: "Then the disciples went away again unto their own home." This verse reflects a moment of transition immediately following the discovery of the empty tomb. Understanding the significance of this moment requires us to examine the surroundings of the disciples and the major theological implications of the resurrection event.

Contextual Overview

The context of this verse lies in the events following Jesus' crucifixion and burial. It signifies the emotional upheaval and confusion among the disciples after witnessing the brutal death of their Lord. They had just encountered Mary Magdalene, who reported the missing body of Jesus. This report set the stage for significant reflections on faith, hope, and the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecies.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry emphasizes the despair that permeated the disciples’ hearts. They had lost their Teacher and Friend, which left them in a state of sorrow and confusion. Henry notes that the action of going back to their own homes signifies a retreat into isolation, symbolizing their lack of understanding of the resurrection. He highlights that while they returned home, they did so without yet grasping the magnitude of what had occurred. Henry notes that here we see the human experience of disappointment, which contrasts starkly with the divine plan of redemption that was unfolding around them.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the New Testament

Barnes offers a perspective on the psychological state of the disciples. He notes that their return to their homes indicates a temporary withdrawal from the hope of seeing Jesus again. However, Barnes is quick to point out that this is not the end of the disciples’ journey. Instead, it serves as a preparatory moment, leading to a later encounter with the risen Christ. He argues that the emptiness they felt was crucial for the awakening of their faith. The verse encapsulates a transitional phase where despair was shortly to give way to joy at the realization of Jesus’ resurrection.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Clarke adds another layer to this discussion by pointing out the significance of the physical act of going home. He discusses the cultural implications of returning home during this crisis, suggesting that for the disciples, this represented both a physical and spiritual retreat. Clarke asserts that they were not yet ready to proclaim the resurrection because they were still grappling with the reality of loss. He underscores the idea that their eventual reunion with Jesus would transform their understanding of both death and life, as well as their mission moving forward.

Theological Reflections

• The Reality of Grief: The departure of the disciples back to their homes exemplifies a palpable struggle with grief and confusion, a relatable human condition. Their sorrow was not merely an emotional response but a significant theological point about the human experience of loss. It invites pastors and scholars to reflect on how grief serves as a prelude to deeper faith experiences.
• Preparation for Revelation: This moment serves as a pivotal junction that prepares the disciples for the revelation of Christ’s resurrection. Their retreat was momentary; God was about to engage them in a new understanding of His purpose. This insight can encourage congregations that experience transitional phases, producing hope that divine revelation often follows moments of uncertain wandering.
• Identity and Mission: The act of returning home is consistent with themes of identity found throughout the Scriptures. As believers, the disciples' identification with Christ would soon redefine their mission. This reinforces the call for contemporary believers to find their identity in Christ, propelling them into witness and mission.

Application for Today's Believers

The insights drawn from John 20:10 motivate us to consider our own "homes"—the places we retreat to in times of despair or confusion. Just as the disciples returned home, we, too, often seek solitude in our times of trial. However, the promise of resurrection whispers to us, affirming that periods of retreat and reflection can lead us to revelation and renewed purpose. This verse challenges us to remain alert and open to God’s movement in our lives, especially during times of doubt or sorrow.

Conclusion

John 20:10 captures a moment rich in emotional depth and theological significance. The insights from respected commentaries remind us that there is value in moments of retreat and confusion as we navigate our faith journeys. In the wake of despair, the resurrection provides hope and a call to action, urging believers to step beyond their doubts and embrace the transformative power of the risen Christ. As pastors, students, theologians, and scholars, may we use this verse as a lens to understand not only the disciples' journey but our own as we seek the living Christ in a world that often feels like an empty tomb.