Commentary on John 20:19

Verse: John 20:19 - "Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you."

Introduction

This verse marks a pivotal moment in the post-resurrection appearances of Jesus Christ. The context reveals the emotional state of the disciples—fearful and distressed, having witnessed the crucifixion of their Lord. The commentaries of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide profound insights into the significance of this event, the reactions of the disciples, and the message of hope and peace brought by Christ.

Contextual Analysis

• Time and Setting: The event occurs on the evening of the first day of the week—resurrection Sunday. This timing highlights the triumph over death and the arrival of the new creation.
• Location: The disciples were assembled in a closed room, suggesting a mixture of caution and despair. Their fears were justified, having witnessed the hostile response from the Jewish leaders against Jesus.

Emotional State of the Disciples

The fear that enveloped the disciples is profound. They were likely grappling with disappointment, loss, and uncertainty about their future without Jesus. Matthew Henry points out that their fear was not just of the Jews but could also reflect their earlier doubts about the resurrection. Adam Clarke elaborates on this emotional turmoil, noting that their hopes had been dashed and they expected persecution as followers of a condemned man.

Christ’s Appearance

Jesus’ sudden appearance among them is remarkable. Albert Barnes emphasizes that despite the doors being shut, Jesus transcends physical barriers, indicating His divine nature and authority. This miraculous entrance serves as a testament to His resurrected body, which possesses qualities beyond ordinary human limitations.

The Significance of "Peace"

As Jesus stands among them, He greets them with, “Peace be unto you.” This greeting is both a comfort and a reassurance. Matthew Henry notes that peace was a common salutation but in this context, it carries profound significance. It signifies the end of their fear and the beginning of a new relationship with the risen Christ.

Theological Implications

Jesus brings a new covenant of peace. Adam Clarke underscores that this peace is not merely the absence of turmoil but a deep, spiritual tranquility enabled by the presence of Christ. This peace is pivotal for the disciples as they are about to embark on a mission to spread the gospel. In this moment, Jesus assures them that they are safe in Him despite the external threats they may encounter.

Application for Pastors and Theologians

• Understanding Fear: Pastors can draw from this passage insights into the nature of fear within the church community. The disciples’ initial fear speaks to the natural human response to crisis, which is a relevant topic for many congregations facing contemporary challenges.
• The Role of Jesus: The presence of Jesus provides comfort amidst fear. Leaders should encourage congregations that Christ is ever-present, offering peace even in turbulent times.
• Mission Commissioning: The greeting of peace is also an introduction to the Great Commission. This verse underscores that while the world may be hostile, Christ empowers His followers to witness boldly.

Conclusion

John 20:19 is rich with theological meaning and practical application. The encounter emphasizes Jesus’ authority over fear and death and showcases His role as the giver of peace. As believers reflect on this passage, it invites renewal of faith and courage to engage with a world that often mirrors the fears of the disciples. Through this commentary, we see how the message of the resurrection transforms lives, empowering believers to carry the light of Christ’s peace into a troubled world.