Commentary on Matthew 21:40
Matthew 21:40 states: "When therefore the lord of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?" This verse is situated within the context of Jesus' parable of the wicked husbandmen, which serves as an allegorical warning to the Jewish leaders of the consequences of their rejection of God's messengers and ultimately, His Son.
Contextual Background
The parable begins in Matthew 21:33 where a householder plants a vineyard and rents it out to husbandmen who are expected to yield harvest and render payment. However, upon sending servants to collect the fruit, these husbandmen act with wickedness and violence, ultimately culminating in their rejection of the son. The tone escalates as the narrative unfolds, calling into question the authority and responsibility of those tasked with stewardship.
The Lord of the Vineyard
In this parable, the "lord of the vineyard" represents God Himself, the ultimate owner and authority. Matthew Henry elucidates that the lord's coming is representative of God's judgment, as He holds those in charge accountable for their actions. The question posed in Matthew 21:40 strongly underscores this theme of accountability.
Divine Justice and Accountability
Albert Barnes emphasizes the reality that God is just and will not let wrongdoers go unpunished. When the "lord of the vineyard" arrives to confront the husbandmen, it reflects the certainty of divine judgment. The question serves as a rhetorical prompt meant to invoke reflection among the listeners, inviting them to consider the weight of their actions and the inevitable consequences that follow.
The Wicked Husbandmen
The husbandmen, as depicted in this parable, symbolize the Jewish religious leaders and their consistent rejection of the prophets sent to them. Adam Clarke notes that the actions of the husbandmen—beating, killing, and stoning the servants—illustrate their hostility to divine revelation and disregard for God's commandments. The son, as the heir, represents Jesus, whose rejection would lead to dire consequences for those who refused to acknowledge Him.
Theological Implications
This passage urges a critical examination of one's relationship with God and His appointed representatives. Matthew Henry explains that the husbandmen's failure is not merely a historical account but a living warning to all generations of believers. The expectation was that those entrusted with the vineyard should have been faithful, nurturing, and productive in their stewardship.
Application and Reflection
The implications of Matthew 21:40 resonate powerfully within the church today. The questions posed compel pastors, theologians, and scholars to reflect on the faithfulness of their ministry and the care with which they treat their calling.
- Ministry Accountability: How are church leaders responding to God's call? Are they faithful in tending to His vineyard?
- Response to God’s Messages: Just as the husbandmen were called to respond appropriately to the masters’ servants, do we heed God's voice through Scripture and the church?
- The Call for Repentance: This passage serves as a stark reminder to avoid the pitfalls of pride and disobedience.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Matthew 21:40 acts as a pivotal moment in the narrative of Jesus' ministry, encapsulating themes of justice, accountability, and the dire consequences of rejection. Each reader is called to introspect and examine their role within the vineyard that God has entrusted to them. The parable invites us to produce good fruit, thereby reflecting God’s love and grace. As the "lord of the vineyard" will come, let us strive to be found faithful stewards.
