Commentary on Daniel 11:10
Verse Text: "But his sons shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his fortress."
Introduction
This verse from the book of Daniel is a key text in the prophetic literature, depicting the subsequent actions of the kings that succeed the initial rulers. Daniel 11 is one of the most detailed prophetic passages in the Bible, focusing on the antagonistic relations between the Hellenistic kingdoms. The verse in question outlines the actions of the sons of a previous ruler, suggesting both military prowess and the inevitability of conflict.
Historical Context
The prophecy concerns the Seleucid and Ptolemaic kingdoms, descendants of Alexander the Great's empire. Daniel 11:10 focuses on a shift in power dynamics, highlighting military aggregations and the natural progress of conflict. Understanding the socio-political milieu of the 2nd century B.C. is crucial for grasping the significance of this prophecy. The familial relationships of rulers played an essential role in the struggles for power, as indicated by the mention of "his sons."
Commentary Insights
Matthew Henry's Commentary
Matthew Henry discusses the prophetic nature of this text, affirming its accuracy in predicting the rise of power among the sons of the previous king. He notes that the stirring up of the sons represents not only their ambitions but also a divine orchestration of events leading to a significant military confrontation.
- The Determination of the Sons: The phrase "shall be stirred up" highlights a divine instigation, indicating that the sons are agent provocateurs in the forthcoming conflict.
- The Multitude of Forces: The assembly of significant military force foreshadows great battles to come, reflecting the intense rivalry of the successor kingdoms.
Albert Barnes' Commentary
Barnes emphasizes the historical fulfillment of this prophecy, suggesting that it refers specifically to the wars between the Seleucids—who were often known for their considerable military mobilization—and those who opposed them.
- Military Conflict: He articulates that the phrase "one shall certainly come" can refer to the powerful king who would emerge amidst the conflict, indicative of the inevitable war that accompanies such stirred ambitions.
- Prophecy as History: Barnes suggests that this passage not only serves as a prophetic scripture but that its events unfolded in history, reaffirming Daniel's role as a prophet who foresaw these political shifts.
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke's insights focus on the richness of the language employed in this passage. He notes the dynamic use of the term "overflow," interpreting it as a metaphor for overwhelming force and rapid conquest that will characterize the campaigns that follow.
- Psychological Warfare: Clarke suggests that the stirring up of forces signals both military and psychological readiness, preparing the way for fierce altercations that will follow.
Theological Implications
This verse and its commentaries invite pastors and theologians to explore the implications of divine sovereignty in historical events. The stirring of political and military forces can be seen as part of God's overarching plan, which often utilizes human ambition and conflict to fulfill divine purposes.
God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
The unfolding events suggested in Daniel 11:10 provide a critical interpretation for scholars navigating the complexities of divine predestination versus human free will. The intersection of God's providential plan with human decisions showcases a theological perspective where history serves as a canvas for divine action.
Conclusion
In summarizing the insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, Daniel 11:10 serves as a profound reminder of the intricate dance between ambition, conflict, and divine orchestration. For pastors, students, and theologians, this verse not only enhances the understanding of biblical prophecy but also provides rich material for discussions on God's involvement in the tumultuous events of human history.
