Commentary on Matthew 5:39
Verse: "But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also."
Introduction
The Sermon on the Mount presents profound teachings from Jesus that challenge the conventional wisdom of society. Matthew 5:39 is a critical verse within this discourse, highlighting the principle of non-resistance to evil and the radical call to love one's enemies. This commentary integrates insights from renowned public domain writers such as Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, offering depth and understanding for pastors, students, theologians, and Bible scholars.
Contextual Analysis
Matthew 5:39 is situated within the larger context of Jesus's teachings on the nature of righteousness and the fulfillment of the Law. Prior verses speak of anger, lust, and divorce, all emphasizing inner transformation rather than mere external compliance with the Law. Jesus shifts the focus to the heart and spirit, revealing that true righteousness surpasses the mere act of avoiding sin.
Understanding the Phrase "Do not resist the one who is evil"
Matthew Henry notes that the phrase signifies a refusal to retaliate or seek personal vengeance. This directive challenges the natural human inclination to respond to wrongdoing with aggression. Instead, Jesus calls for a response marked by grace and self-control, refusing to be drawn into a cycle of violence.
The Significance of Turning the Other Cheek
Albert Barnes elaborates on the metaphor of turning the other cheek, which implies a radical form of non-violent resistance. He emphasizes that it does not advocate passivity, but rather an active form of love and defiance against evil. This act of turning the other cheek symbolizes an unwavering commitment to non-resistance and illustrates a powerful testament to one’s character and faith.
Implications for Believers
Adam Clarke expounds on the broader implications of this teaching for believers. He suggests that this principle applies not only in personal interactions but also in broader societal contexts, challenging Christians to consider their responses to persecution and injustice. Clarke highlights that such obedience to Christ's teaching reflects a deep understanding of the Kingdom of God, where love overcomes evil.
Theological Reflections
Matthew 5:39 invites deep theological reflection on the nature of Christ’s kingdom and the radical call to live out the values of that kingdom. Non-resistance is not a sign of weakness; rather, it is a profound expression of strength and divine wisdom. The believer’s choice to respond with love in the face of hostility is a reflection of God's love and mercy towards humanity.
The Role of Grace
Matthew Henry asserts that these teachings underscore the transformative power of grace, which enables believers to embody the principles of the Kingdom. Grace invites individuals to rise above their base instincts and respond to evil not with an equal evil but with a counter-acting good.
The Example of Christ
Reflecting on the life of Christ, Barnes reminds readers of Jesus's own non-retaliatory stance in the face of insults and violence, especially during His trial and crucifixion. This example serves as the highest standard for believers, demonstrating that true strength lies in the ability to remain steadfast in love, even when wronged.
Practical Applications
This teaching has numerous practical applications for Christians today:
- Personal Interactions: Believers are called to respond with grace in personal conflicts, choosing forgiveness over retaliation.
- Social Justice: In situations of injustice, Christians can advocate for change through peaceful means rather than violent resistance.
- Community Living: The church community should strive to exemplify a culture of non-resistance, actively seeking reconciliation and peace.
Conclusion
Matthew 5:39 stands as a radical, counter-cultural mandate for all followers of Christ. Through the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we are reminded that the call to non-resistance reflects the heart of the Gospel. As members of the Kingdom, we are to embody love, grace, and mercy in a world that often resorts to violence and revenge. In doing so, we not only reflect Christ's character but also affirm the transformative power of His message, encouraging others to seek Him as the ultimate source of peace.
