Commentary on 1 Samuel 20:18

Verse Reference: 1 Samuel 20:18 - "Then Jonathan said to David, 'Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed because your seat will be empty.'"

Introduction

This verse occurs during a critical juncture in the relationship between Jonathan and David, as well as amidst the growing hostility of King Saul toward David. This commentary aims to unpack the layers of meaning contained within Jonathan's statement, illuminating its significance for understanding covenant relationships, the nature of friendship, and the unfolding narrative that leads to the rise of David as Israel's king.

The Covenant Between Jonathan and David

Broadly, this moment emphasizes the profound bond that exists between Jonathan and David. Understanding their covenant is crucial:

• Mutual Commitment: Jonathan had previously made a covenant to support David. This chapter marks a pivotal reaffirmation of that commitment, showcasing the depths of their friendship that transcends familial loyalties and political allegiances.
• Covenantal Loyalty: The phrase "you will be missed" is laden with emotional weight, suggesting that Jonathan not only cares for David but acknowledges the dangers that accompany David's absence during a royal gathering.

Jonathan's Insight and Wisdom

Jonathan displays remarkable insight into the implications of David's absence:

• Awareness of Saul's Intention: As Matthew Henry suggests, Jonathan understands his father's volatile nature and the potential for conflict with David. His warning represents an astute recognition of the growing threats against David's life.
• Foreseeing Consequences: Jonathan’s words reflect a deep emotional intelligence; he foresees how David's nonattendance could lead to Saul's suspicions, increasing David's peril.

The Role of Tradition and Ritual

Jonathan references the New Moon feast, an important time in Israel's liturgical calendar, which carries significant implications:

• Festivity and Community: The New Moon symbolizes renewal and signifies communal gathering. David's empty seat serves as a stark reminder of the disruption caused by Saul's animosity.
• Cultural Expectations: As Albert Barnes notes, absence from such events would typically draw questions, hence Jonathan’s concern highlights the seriousness of David's danger.

Friendship Amidst Conflict

This verse encapsulates the essence of true friendship amidst a backdrop of conflict:

• Empathy and Care: Jonathan’s willingness to protect David emphasizes the depth of true friendship, characterized by selflessness and loyalty.
• Pragmatic Action: Their relationship is not merely emotional; it spurs Jonathan to take practical steps to shield David from imminent danger.

Theological Implications

The distance between David and Saul cannot be overstated, showcasing a dichotomy between the anointed and the rejecting king:

• God's Sovereignty: This scenario reveals that even amidst human treachery, God’s plan for David is unfolding. Jonathan, understanding this divine purpose, makes a significant choice to stand with David over his own father.
• Foreshadowing Future Events: Jonathan’s actions and words foreshadow the eventual kingship of David, illustrating how God often uses unlikely partnerships for His greater plans.

Conclusion

1 Samuel 20:18 serves as a profound reflection on friendship, loyalty, and the intricacies of divine sovereignty. It invites pastors, students, theologians, and Bible scholars to look beyond the surface of the text, drawing attention to the relational dynamics at play and the divine hand guiding the historical narrative. As believers reflect on this scripture, they are encouraged to cultivate similar covenantal friendships that would stand firm in loyalty and care, especially during times of conflict.