Commentary on 1 Samuel 20:32

Bible Verse: "And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?" (1 Samuel 20:32)

Introduction

The context of 1 Samuel 20 reveals a deeply personal and tense moment between Jonathan, the son of King Saul, and his father. This verse provides a window into the conflict of loyalty between family and truth, as well as the themes of friendship and injustice.

Contextual Background

Before delving into the commentary, it is important to consider the narrative leading up to this moment. David has gained favor in Israel, and Saul's growing jealousy becomes evident. Jonathan, who has formed a close bond with David, finds himself caught between his father's wrath and his loyalty to his friend.

Historical Setting

This passage takes place during the transitional period of Israel’s monarchy, where the consequences of human emotion and political maneuvering manifest vividly in the lives of its leaders. Saul's deteriorating mental state and his perception of David as a threat indicates a larger commentary on power, fear, and the instability it breeds.

Verse Analysis

In this verse, Jonathan boldly confronts Saul, challenging his father's desire to kill David. This reaction is noteworthy and reflects several layers of meaning.

The Nature of Jonathan’s Question

Jonathan uses a rhetorical question, "Wherefore shall he be slain?" to express disbelief at the unjust villainization of David. This brings to light Jonathan’s moral stance:

• Defense of Innocence: Jonathan’s inquiry emphasizes his understanding of David’s character. It portrays David not as an enemy but as a loyal servant to Israel. Jonathan seeks to reason with Saul’s baseless accusations.
• Confrontation of Authority: Jonathan, despite being a prince, exhibits courage by directly challenging the king’s decision, reflecting the important biblical theme of speaking truth to power.

Saul’s Reaction

Saul, consumed by jealousy, responds with aggression, characterizing his unstable and paranoid disposition. Jonathan’s defense of David not only asserts the innocence of his friend but also highlights the unjust nature of Saul’s wrath.

Theological Implications

This encounter invites us to examine several theological implications:

• The Nature of True Friendship: Jonathan's unwavering loyalty to David underscores the essence of friendship rooted in righteousness. His willingness to confront his father for David’s sake illustrates a commitment to justice over familial loyalty.
• The Consequences of Jealousy: Saul’s jealousy serves as a stark reminder of the pitfalls of envy and its destructive power. In contrast, Jonathan represents a spirit of selflessness and justice, revealing a more profound understanding of honor and duty.
• God’s Sovereignty: This narrative demonstrates that despite human opposition, God's plans prevail. Saul’s futile attempts to eliminate David foreshadow divine favor upon David, affirming the sovereignty of God over human affairs.

Commentary Insights

Matthew Henry

Henry emphasizes the moral integrity of Jonathan, highlighting how his love for David transcends even his familial loyalty. He notes that Jonathan’s plea symbolizes a deeper commitment to God's anointed over a mere political allegiance.

Albert Barnes

Barnes reflects on the significance of Jonathan's challenge to Saul, indicating that it reveals not only Jonathan's wisdom but also his resolve to stand against injustice. His contrast with Saul represents a biblical archetype of faithful defiance against tyranny.

Adam Clarke

Clarke points out the emotional turmoil present in this confrontation, noting how this moment encapsulates Jonathan's internal conflict and fear for David’s safety. His interpretation urges readers to consider the realities of standing for truth amidst personal risk.

Practical Applications

This passage serves as a guide for contemporary readers, particularly pastors and theologians, on the value of integrity in relationships and the importance of justice. It encourages:

• Valuing Authentic Relationships: Encouraging deep, meaningful friendships that are based on mutual respect and moral integrity.
• Speaking Truth to Power: Emphasizing the importance of advocating for righteousness even when it may be uncomfortable.
• Trusting in God’s Plan: Reminding believers of the assurance that even amidst conflict and persecution, God's purpose will ultimately prevail.

Conclusion

1 Samuel 20:32 serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities involved in human relationships, particularly when they intersect with issues of truth, loyalty, and justice. The interaction between Jonathan and Saul invites reflection on our own commitments and the tough choices that faithfulness often requires.