Commentary on John 11:14

Verse: "Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead."

Introduction

The statement by Jesus in John 11:14 is profound not only in its declaration but also in its implications for understanding His identity, His power, and the nature of faith. This commentary synthesizes insights from several esteemed public domain commentators including Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke.

Contextual Background

Before delving into the verse, it is essential to consider the context of this narrative. Jesus had received word that Lazarus, the brother of Mary and Martha, was ill. Instead of rushing to his aid, Jesus delayed His visit, allowing Lazarus to die. This event serves to illustrate His authority over life and death and the purpose of God’s glory.

Literal vs. Spiritual Death

Jesus' declaration that "Lazarus is dead" serves both a literal and spiritual purpose. The literal statement denotes the physical death of Lazarus, which carries significant weight because his resurrection is a vital demonstration of Jesus’ divine authority.

Commentary Insights

Matthew Henry's Perspective

Matthew Henry emphasizes the clarity of Jesus’ words in this verse. He states that Jesus' announcement was necessary for the understanding of His disciples. They were confused about the events surrounding Lazarus and the significance of Jesus’ delayed arrival. By stating, “Lazarus is dead,” Henry highlights that Jesus indicates His complete understanding of all that transpires, underscoring His divine omniscience.

Henry elaborates that this statement not only serves to inform the disciples but also addresses the reality of death and the promise of resurrection. It reveals the human condition subjected to sin and death and sets the stage for the miraculous act that Jesus is about to perform.

Albert Barnes' Analysis

Albert Barnes views this statement as a poignant moment that showcases Jesus' awareness of human troubles and suffering. He notes that the word "plainly" illustrates Jesus' intention to communicate directly to His disciples without the use of parables or metaphors. It speaks to the earnestness of the situation and emphasizes the gravity of death.

Barnes also reflects on the significance of Jesus referring to death in such a straightforward manner, as it conveys that He is the source of life. The clarity of His statement serves to strengthen the disciples’ faith and school them in the understanding of life and resurrection that He embodies.

Adam Clarke's Interpretation

Adam Clarke adds depth to the situation by exploring the emotional weight of the news. He suggests that the announcement of Lazarus' death was intended to shock the disciples out of their disbelief. Clarke sees this as an invitation to a deeper faith; by making the disciples confront the harsh reality of death, Jesus prepares them for the greater miracle to come—Lazarus’ resurrection.

Furthermore, Clarke draws attention to how Jesus, knowing the end from the beginning, uses this situation to manifest His glory and deepen the understanding of His followers regarding the power of God over death.

Theological Implications

Understanding Death

This verse prompts crucial theological reflections on the nature of death. It calls into question the understanding of mortal life and death within the Christian faith. Christ’s authority over death suggests hope for believers and provides a framework for understanding death not as an end, but as a transition to eternal life.

Jesus’ Compassion and Authority

The statement encapsulates the dual nature of Christ—His divine authority as the Son of God and His compassion for humanity. Jesus does not shy away from the harsh realities of life; instead, He faces them head-on, preparing to demonstrate His power in the face of despair.

Practical Applications

• The Call to Faith: This scripture encourages believers to recognize that Jesus is aware of their struggles and is present with them in times of crisis.
• Hope in Despair: The message reflects the hope that believers have in Jesus despite circumstances that seem bleak. His authority assures us that death is not the final word.
• Understanding God’s Plans: Just as Jesus had a purpose in waiting, believers are reminded of the importance of trust in God’s timing and plan for our lives.

Conclusion

John 11:14 encapsulates a critical moment in the Gospel narrative that reveals not only the solemn reality of death but also the hope and glory that Christ brings. By examining the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we grasp the profound implications of Jesus’ statement. This verse challenges us to view death through the lens of faith, reminding us that in every situation, Christ holds the power of life and the promise of resurrection.