Bible Commentary on Matthew 26:21

Verse Context: Matthew 26:21 states, “And while they were eating, he said, ‘Truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me.’” This pivotal moment occurs during the Last Supper, a significant event in the Passion narrative, marking both the institution of the Eucharist and the revelation of betrayal among the disciples.

Introduction

This verse raises profound theological and existential questions about betrayal, loyalty, and divine providence. It serves as a critical junction in the narrative of Christ’s earthly ministry. Understanding this verse requires delving into various dimensions, including the historical context, the nature of betrayal, and the implications of Jesus’ foreknowledge.

Historical Context

Matthew Henry: Matthew Henry emphasizes the significance of the timing of this declaration. By identifying the betrayer amidst the intimate setting of a shared meal, Jesus highlights the severity of treachery that arises from close relationships. The context of a Passover meal further enriches this moment, as it symbolizes liberation yet foreshadows betrayal.

Albert Barnes: Barnes notes that the Jewish feast's social proximity allows for deeper reflection on the nature of fellowship and betrayal. It is essential to recognize that the act of eating together was seen as an expression of peace and companionship, which heightens the shock of betrayal.

The Nature of Betrayal

Betrayal within the community of faithful followers underscores a profound spiritual conflict. The choice of Judas Iscariot amplifies the narrative's tension.

• Adam Clarke: Clarke details the implications of betrayal. He emphasizes that the act of betrayal often comes from within one's own circle, a reality that resonates with the experiences of many believers. The intimate act of communion contrasts sharply with the impending betrayal, showcasing the duality of human intentions.
• Theological Reflection: From a theological perspective, Matthew 26:21 invites readers to contemplate the nature of sin and its impact on community. The occurrence of betrayal not only affects the betrayed but also the betrayer who will bear lasting consequences for their actions.

Jesus' Foreknowledge

The omniscience of Jesus becomes a focal point in this verse. His awareness of Judas's impending betrayal emphasizes His divine nature and mission.

• Matthew Henry: Henry asserts that Jesus, being fully aware of Judas's heart, used this moment to fulfill Scripture and exhibit God's sovereignty. His knowledge does not eliminate Judas’s responsibility, demonstrating the complex interplay between divine foreknowledge and human free will.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes indicates that the prediction serves as a clear warning to the disciples. Jesus reveals the betrayal to prepare them for the reality of His impending suffering and to reaffirm His role as the sacrificial Lamb.

The Reaction of the Disciples

The disciples' responses to this statement reveal the shock and confusion present in the upper room.

• Adam Clarke: Clarke mentions that the immediate questioning among the disciples, “Is it I, Lord?” (as recorded elsewhere in the Gospels), reflects a universal human struggle with guilt and self-examination. It prompts believers to consider their own fidelity to Christ.
• Matthew Henry: Henry observes that this response exhibits humility and introspection, inviting an examination of one’s own heart. It serves as a reminder for all followers of Christ to remain vigilant against betrayal, both of others and oneself.

Christ as the Lamb of God

This verse touches on the larger theme of Christ’s mission. The acknowledgment of betrayal foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice.

• Albert Barnes: Barnes points to the theological significance of the Last Supper as Christ’s intentional movement toward the cross. The revelation of betrayal is intricately linked to the understanding of the sacrificial lamb, satisfying the demands of justice and extending grace to humanity.
• Theological Implications: The dual themes of betrayal and sacrifice grace the cross with profound meaning. Readers are reminded that betrayal does not thwart God’s salvific plan but rather fulfills it within the divine narrative.

Conclusion

Matthew 26:21 serves as a critical reminder of the complexity of human relationships in the spiritual journey. Betrayal emerges within the circle of trust, challenging believers to examine their faithfulness and commitment to Christ. Moreover, this verse reflects the deep theological truths about divine foreknowledge and the purposeful journey toward redemption. As pastors, students, theologians, and scholars engage with this text, they are invited to ponder their role in the narrative of faith—either as seekers of truth or, regrettably, as betrayers of the very hope they profess.