Commentary on Matthew 26:26

Text of the Verse: "And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body."

Introduction

This significant passage captures the moment of the Last Supper, where Jesus redefines the Jewish Passover observance by instituting the sacrament of communion. This commentary synthesizes insights from public domain resources, offering a rich exploration pertinent to pastors, students, theologians, and scholars.

Historical Context

The Last Supper occurred during Passover, a festival commemorating Israel's deliverance from Egyptian bondage. Matthew Henry notes that this setting is vital as it frames Jesus’ actions within a tradition deeply ingrained in Jewish identity. The bread, representing sustenance and life, becomes central to understanding Christ’s redemptive purpose.

Exegesis of the Verse

1. The Act of Taking Bread

Matthew’s account starts with "Jesus took bread." This act is not merely a physical gesture; it symbolizes the initiation of a sacred ritual. Albert Barnes emphasizes that the bread signifies not only physical nourishment but also spiritual sustenance provided through Christ's sacrifice.

2. The Blessing of the Bread

Jesus "blessed it." Adam Clarke elaborates on this blessing, indicating that it shows Jesus’ acknowledgment of God’s provision and His own identity as the source of spiritual blessing. This invocation sets the stage for the bread’s new significance.

3. The Breaking of Bread

The phrase "and brake it" speaks to the physical act of breaking, which symbolizes the breaking of Christ's body for humanity’s sake. Matthew Henry reflects on this motif, asserting that it emphasizes not only Christ's suffering but also the communal aspect of sharing His sacrifice among believers.

4. The Invitation to Partake

Jesus then invites the disciples to "Take, eat." This command underscores the necessity of participation in this sacrament. Commentators agree that this invitation is profound, as it calls individuals into a personal relationship with Christ. Albert Barnes points out that it is through this act that believers acknowledge Christ’s body given for them.

5. Declaration of Identity

When Christ states, "this is my body," He confirms His identity and purpose. Adam Clarke stresses that this declaration links the physical bread to Christ's imminent sacrifice on the cross. By identifying the bread with His body, Jesus transforms a traditional meal into a profound declaration of faith.

Theological Implications

• The Concept of Sacrifice: The breaking of bread symbolizes the sacrifice of Christ, which is central to Christian faith.
• Communal Aspect: This action is communal; it emphasizes fellowship among believers as they partake in the body of Christ together.
• Spiritual Nourishment: The bread represents spiritual sustenance, indicating that believers derive life from Christ.

The Last Supper's Significance

The Last Supper, and particularly the institution of the Lord's Supper, is foundational to Christian practice. Matthew Henry points out that this serves as a public testament to Christ's sacrifice, a call to remember Him, and an encouragement for believers to look forward to the marriage supper of the Lamb.

Practical Applications

1. The Importance of Remembrance

This passage invites believers to frequently remember Christ’s sacrifice. Pastors are encouraged to emphasize the importance of communion, not just as a ritual but as a vital aspect of spiritual life.

2. Unity in Christ

The communal sharing of the bread fosters unity in the body of Christ. Church leaders should promote environments where believers can gather around the Lord’s table, reflecting on shared faith and community.

3. Spiritual Reflection

Students and scholars are urged to reflect on their own spiritual nourishment. How does participating in communion renew their faith and commitment to Christ?

Conclusion

Matthew 26:26 is a rich passage that reveals deep theological truths about Christ’s sacrifice and the establishment of communion. It serves as a reminder of the grace and sustenance found in Jesus, inviting believers to partake not only physically but spiritually, encouraging ongoing relationships built on His sacrifice. Through the insights of various commentators, this verse is illuminated, providing a profound resource for understanding and teaching this central aspect of the Christian faith.