Commentary on Exodus 39:10

Exodus 39:10 states, "And they set in it four rows of stones. A row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle was the first row." This verse is part of the detailed description of the high priest’s breastplate, which played a significant role in the priestly attire and service.

Overview of the High Priest's Breastplate

The breastplate of judgment comprised twelve stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel. Each stone was engraved with the name of a tribe, serving as a constant reminder before God of His people. The arrangement of the stones—four rows of three—symbolized the organization's structure and unity of Israel under God, alongside the priest’s mediatory role.

Spiritual Significance

• Covenant Reminder: The stones remind the high priest of the covenant relationship between God and Israel. Each stone has specific symbolism, reflecting God's promises and His chosen people.
• Divine Guidance: The high priest would wear this breastplate to consult God through the Urim and Thummim, discern divine will in matters of national significance.
• Representation of Inclusivity: The diverse stones mirror the unity of various tribes within the nation of Israel, illustrating that all peoples have a place before God.

Commentaries on the Specifics

Matthew Henry notes that each stone has a distinct significance, and through the representation of these stones, the high priest bears the names of the tribes closest to his heart. This observation emphasizes the personal connection and intercession of the priest on behalf of the Israelites. Henry elaborates that these specific stones may have deeper meanings and associations with their respective tribes.

Albert Barnes complements this understanding by elucidating the meanings of the stones. He outlines that the sardius (also known as a carnelian) typically represents courage and strength, the topaz symbolizes beauty and excellence, while the carbuncle (traditionally linked with the red garnet) signifies the blood and sacrifice. Barnes interprets these characteristics as more than mere decorative elements; they serve as powerful representations of God's attributes and His relationship with His people.

Adam Clarke takes a practical approach to the description, explaining the materials and craftsmanship involved in the breastplate’s creation. He notes the intricate work required in setting the stones, which speaks to the care and consideration God expects in worship. Clarke encourages readers to reflect on the reverence that should accompany acts of service to God, as seen in the efforts in constructing the high priest's garments.

The Symbolism of the Stones

• Sardius (Carnelian): Often seen as a symbol of divine mercy, it evokes thoughts of reddened passion and signifies the eager-heartedness of the tribes in following God.
• Topaz: Known for its beauty, this stone can represent purity and the inherent value God sees in His people, emphasizing their worthiness for His call.
• Carbuncle: This stone, associated with fiery qualities, can be interpreted as a symbol of Christ’s sacrifice and the redemptive power of His blood that continually intercedes for us.

Historical Context

This dressing of the high priest is distinctively Jewish and ties deeply into the culture's understanding of holiness and distinction. The priest's garments, especially the breastplate, are seen as a conduit through which God's holiness is channeled to the nation. This historical perspective illuminates how the people of Israel viewed their leaders as intermediaries who carried their names before the Lord, emphasizing trust and dependence on divine guidance.

Conclusion

Exodus 39:10 serves as a significant verse in understanding the high priest’s role within ancient Israel. It encapsulates notions of leadership, intercession, and the importance of sacred representation in serving God. The detailed construction and symbolic meaning of the stones remind contemporary believers of the importance of their relationship with God, urging them to reflect on their spiritual dress and readiness to represent their faith in the world.