Bible Commentary on Exodus 39:4

Verse: Exodus 39:4 – "They made shoulder pieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together."

Introduction

This verse from the book of Exodus, which details the construction of the tabernacle and its components, highlights the meticulous craftsmanship involved in the creation of the high priest's garments. In this commentary, we will explore the significance of the shoulder pieces and their theological implications as derived from the insights of renowned biblical commentators like Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke.

Commentary Overview

• Matthew Henry's Insights

  Henry emphasizes the importance of the shoulder pieces in the context of the high priest's attire. He notes:

  • Symbolism of Unity: The coupling of the shoulder pieces signifies the unity and strength of the priesthood. Just as the shoulder pieces hold the ephod together, the unity of the church under the high priest, Christ, is vital for its function.
  • Careful Construction: The meticulous design reflects God’s attention to detail and the seriousness of the priestly role. This careful construction symbolizes the importance of preparation and sanctification in priestly duties.
  • Representation of Burden: The shoulder pieces serve as a reminder of the burdens borne by the high priest on behalf of the people. It illustrates the priest’s role in carrying the sins and concerns of the Israelites before God.

• Albert Barnes' Commentary

  Barnes provides a detailed examination of the ephod and its components. His observations include:

  • Practical Functionality: The shoulder pieces were not merely decorative but served a functional purpose, ensuring the stability and security of the ephod when worn by the high priest.
  • Spiritual Importance: Symbolically, the shoulder pieces highlight the high priest's role in representing the people before God. This representation is foundational to understanding the mediatory function of Christ.
  • Covenantal Significance: The coupling of the shoulder pieces links to the idea of covenant; as God had covenanted with Israel, the priesthood must reflect this covenantal bond in their responsibilities.

• Adam Clarke's Analysis

  Clarke adds depth to the understanding of the text through his linguistic and contextual insights. He articulates:

  • Hebrew Terminology: Clarke examines the Hebrew terms used in the verse, emphasizing their meanings that convey a sense of binding and strength, underscoring the importance of these pieces in priestly service.
  • Connection to Christ: Drawing parallels between the high priest's garments and Christ's roles, Clarke points out that Christ, as our high priest, provides true coupling and security in our relationship with God.
  • Application for Believers: The necessity of bearing one another's burdens is highlighted through the imagery of the shoulder pieces—believers are called to support and uplift each other.

Theological Reflections

As we reflect on Exodus 39:4, several theological themes emerge:

• The Priesthood of All Believers: The shoulder pieces symbolize the call to every believer to participate in the priesthood, bearing the burdens of each other and interceding for one another before God.
• Christ as Our High Priest: In the New Testament context, this verse points us to Christ, who is both the ultimate high priest and the fulfillment of the priestly duties represented in the Old Testament.
• Unity in Diversity: The different components of the ephod and their coupling remind us that the body of Christ is made of many parts, each essential to the whole, working together in harmony.

Conclusion

Exodus 39:4 serves as more than just a descriptive verse; it encapsulates profound truths about the nature of God's calling, the significance of the priestly role, and the foreshadowing of Christ’s ultimate sacrifice. The insights gained from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke prompt us to appreciate the intricacy of God's design both in the Old Testament and its fulfillment in the New Testament.

As pastors, students, theologians, and Bible scholars delve into this text, the rich symbolism and theological implications continue to inspire and challenge them in their ministry, teaching, and understanding of God's Word.