Commentary on Exodus 39:15

Exodus 39:15 states: “And they made a breastplate, the work of the skillful workman, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen.” This passage describes a significant element of the high priest's attire, the breastplate, which holds both cultural and theological importance in the context of Israelite worship and priesthood.

Significance of the Breastplate

The breastplate, also known as the breastplate of judgment, was notable for its purpose and construction. According to Matthew Henry, it was designed to be a symbol of divine guidance, dressing the high priest in garments that symbolized his role as a mediator between God and the people. Its craftsmanship reflects both the artistic and sacred dimensions vital to Israel’s worship.

Materials and Symbolism

The breastplate's materials—gold, blue, purple, scarlet yarns, and fine linen—each serve significant symbolic purposes. The use of gold signifies divinity and purity, representing God's presence and majesty. The colors blue, purple, and scarlet hold deep spiritual meaning as well:

• Blue: Often associated with heaven and the divine. It represents God’s commandments that guide the Israelites.
• Purple: Symbolizes royalty and kingship, reminding the people of their covenantal relationship with God, the King of the universe.
• Scarlet: Represents sacrifice and atonement, echoing the theme of redemption threaded throughout the Old Testament.

Craftsmanship and Skill

Albert Barnes highlights the expertise required for the breastplate’s creation. The phrase “work of the skillful workman” underscores the necessity of divinely inspired craftsmanship. Just as the artistic skill reflected a dedication to God’s glory, it also reinforced the serious nature of worship, emphasizing that the priest's attire must meet divine specifications.

Functionality of the Breastplate

The breastplate housed twelve stones, each representing the twelve tribes of Israel, further enhancing its role as a conduit of divine judgment. According to Adam Clarke, not only did these stones bear the names of the tribes, but they also served as a tangible reminder of the high priest’s responsibility to the people. When Aaron entered the holy place, he carried the names of the tribes upon his heart, symbolizing that he was continually concerned for their welfare before God.

Theological Implications

The breastplate’s function in discerning God’s will is a rich theological theme. It challenges modern readers and leaders to reflect on how we seek divine guidance in our lives. Just as the high priest needed to be fully prepared and spiritually aligned to approach God on behalf of the people, so too must today’s believers earnestly seek God’s wisdom and direction.

Modern Applications

For pastors and theologians, the breastplate represents the call to bear the burdens of the congregation before God. The attires of ministry should reflect holiness and commitment, embodying the principles set forth in this passage. As they teach and lead, they should remind themselves of the serious nature of their responsibility to carry the flock's needs to God.

Conclusion

Exodus 39:15 and its description of the breastplate is more than a mere historical detail; it is a profound lesson in spiritual leadership, devotion, and the call to mediate between the divine and the community. The beauty of the materials and the significance of the craftsmanship serve as a reminder of God’s intricate plans for His people and their need for divine guidance, ultimately culminating in the fulfillment of these themes through Jesus Christ, our eternal High Priest.