Exodus 39:34 - Biblical Commentary
Exodus 39:34 states: "And the covering of rams' skins dyed red, and the covering of badgers' skins, and the veil of the covering." This verse comes from a passage detailing the garments of the priests and the construction of the Tabernacle. It highlights the materials used in the sacred space, reflecting both the quality and purpose of what was employed in the worship of God.
Insights from Public Domain Commentaries
Matthew Henry's Commentary
Matthew Henry emphasizes the significance of the materials used in the Tabernacle's construction. The coverings of rams' skins and badgers' skins are notable for their durability and protective qualities. Henry notes that the red dye symbolizes blood and atonement, pointing to the sacrifices that would be made for the people of Israel.
The coverings serve not only a practical purpose but also veil the divine presence within the Tabernacle from human eyes, underscoring God's holiness. This architectural design marks the separation between the sacred and the common. The materials signal the seriousness of God's dwelling among His people.
Albert Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes provides a detailed analysis of the phrase "covering of badgers' skins." While the exact identification of 'badger' is debated, Barnes accepts it likely refers to a waterproof material that would protect the Tabernacle from adverse weather conditions. This indicates God's provision for the protection of sacred spaces.
Barnes expands on how the coverings can be interpreted as a reflection of Christ, the ultimate High Priest. Just as the skins protected the Tabernacle, Christ shields believers through His righteousness and covering of sins. This connection reinforces the theme of divine protection and presence throughout the scriptures.
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke points out that the coverings of rams' skins dyed red have a dual function - aesthetic and symbolic. The red color signifies blood and, subsequently, the priceless nature of the blood sacrifice, which is central to the narrative of redemption. Clarke implies that these coverings are a foreshadowing of the sacrificial systems that would be integral to the worship in ancient Israel.
Moreover, Clarke discusses the transition from the physical Tabernacle to the spiritual reality of Christ's incarnation. He illustrates how the elements of the physical Tabernacle serve as types and shadows of the greater and more eternal reality fulfilled in Christ. This typology provides a lasting theological framework for understanding the role of the ceremonial law.
Theological Reflections
The verse invites deeper theological reflection on several key themes that resonate throughout Scripture:
- The Holiness of God: The veiling of the divine presence illustrates the profound separation between God’s purity and human fallibility.
- Divine Protection: The protective coverings symbolize God's providential care over His people and the sacred elements of worship.
- Sacrifice and Atonement: The materials reflect the sacrificial system which culminates in the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, making it possible for believers to approach God.
- Typology: These materials foreshadow deeper spiritual truths and the fulfillment found in Jesus Christ, the true Tabernacle.
Applications for Today
Studying Exodus 39:34 allows for numerous applications in contemporary Christian life:
- Understanding God's Nature: Just as God provided materials for the Tabernacle, He offers resources for our spiritual lives.
- Appreciation for Worship: The sacrificial system underscores the seriousness of approaching God in worship and the cost of our sins.
- Christ as Our Covering: Believers should find solace in knowing that, like the coverings, Christ protects and intercedes for us before the Father.
- The Importance of Holiness: Learning from the holy design of the Tabernacle compels Christians to strive for holiness in their lives.
Conclusion
In summary, Exodus 39:34 captures a pivotal moment in the establishment of Israel’s worship practices, foreshadowing Christ’s redemptive work. Engaging with commentaries from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke brings insight into the significance of the materials used and their theological implications, enriching understanding for pastors, students, and scholars alike.