Commentary on Exodus 39:20

Verse Context: Exodus 39:20 forms part of the description of the priestly garments made for Aaron and his sons. This specific verse refers to the making of the breastplate and its attachments, which held great significance in the worship practices of Israel.

Exegesis of Exodus 39:20

Exodus 39:20 states: “And they made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.” This verse highlights the intricate craftsmanship and the colors used in the breastplate, reflecting the beauty and sanctity of the garments worn by the High Priest.

Insights from Commentaries

Matthew Henry’s Commentary

Henry emphasizes the artistry involved in the construction of the breastplate, noting that it was not simply an article of clothing, but a sacred object imbued with spiritual significance. He points out that the term "cunning work" implies skilled craftsmanship, suggestive of both divine and human artistry, which was essential for an object meant to stand in the presence of God.

Henry further remarks on the materials used—gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linens—drawing connections to their representation of royalty and divinity. The use of such resources was indicative of the glory of God that was to be visually represented in the priestly function.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Barnes elaborates on the specifics of the construction process. He indicates that the breastplate was made in the same style as the ephod, symbolizing its integral role in the High Priest's apparel. The detailed artistic work was a reflection of the laboriously prescribed divine pattern that Moses received on Mount Sinai.

Moreover, Barnes highlights the importance of the breastplate in the priestly office, as it bore the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing the High Priest's representation of the people before God. This is further illustrated by the inclusion of the Urim and Thummim, which were believed to be instruments used to determine the will of God.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke provides a rich theological interpretation of the breastplate. He discusses the significance of its spiritual implications, suggesting that the priest's garments are emblematic of the relationship between God and His people. Clarke points out that the colors and materials signify the varied aspects of God’s character and the covenant relationship He maintained with Israel.

Furthermore, Clarke remarks on the breastplate as a means of invoking divine judgment. He states that through this piece of clothing, the High Priest would be in a continual state of intercession for the nation. The breastplate thus serves both as a badge of honor and a tool for approaching God on behalf of the people.

Theological Reflections

This verse and its commentary invite deeper reflection on the roles of representation, intercession, and communal identity in the spiritual life of believers. The tradition of the breastplate can be seen as a precursor to understanding the Christological fulfillment found in the New Testament.

• Representation: Just as the High Priest bore the names of the tribes, Christ bears the names of His followers, illustrating that all believers are represented in Him (Hebrews 4:14-16).
• Intercession: The High Priest’s role in interceding is fulfilled in Christ, who continually intercedes for us (Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25).
• Identity: The colors and materials of the breastplate serve as a reminder of the glorious identity bestowed upon believers through union with Christ (1 Peter 2:9).

Conclusion

Exodus 39:20 serves as a powerful reminder of the significance of the priestly garments in ancient Israel and their theological implications for believers today. The insights drawn from the commentaries of Henry, Barnes, and Clarke collectively enrich our understanding of this passage, demonstrating the depth of symbolism and purpose behind the sacred attire of the High Priest.

Ultimately, the verse foreshadows the priestly ministry of Christ, pointing to a more profound reality where every believer is called to share in the priestly function, bridging the gap between the holy God and humanity.